| ProtocolFeatures | HSRP(Hot Standby Router protocol) | VRRP(Virtual Redundancy Router Protocol) | GLBP(Gateway Load Balancing Protocol) | |
| Router role | – 1 active router.
– 1 standby router.
– 1 or more listening routers.
| – 1 master router.
– 1 or more backup routers.
| – 1 AVG (Active Virtual Gateway).
– up to 4 AVF routers on the group (Active Virtual Forwarder) passing traffic.
– up to 1024 virtual routers (GLBP groups) per physical interface.
| |
| – Use virtual ip address. | – Can use real router ip address, if not, the one with highest priority become master. | – Use virtual ip address. | ||
| Scope | RFC 2281 | RFC 3768 | Cisco proprietary | |
| Election | Active Router: 1-Highest Priority 2-Highest IP (tiebreaker) | Master Router: (*) 1-Highest Priority 2-Highest IP (tiebreaker) | Active Virtual Gateway: 1-Highest Priority 2-Highest IP (tiebreaker) | |
| Optimization features | Tracking | yes | yes | yes |
| Preempt | yes | yes | yes | |
| Timer adjustments | yes | yes | yes | |
| Traffic type | 224.0.0.2 – udp 1985 (version1) 224.0.0.102-udp 1985 (version2) | 224.0.0.18 – IP 112 | 224.0.0.102 udp 3222 | |
| Timers | Hello – 3 seconds | Advertisement – 1 second | Hello – 3 seconds | |
| (Hold) 10 seconds | (Master Down Interval)3 * Advertisement + skew time | (Hold) 10 seconds | ||
| (Skew time)(256-priority) / 256 | ||||
| Load-balancing functionality | – Multiple HSRP group per interface/SVI/routed int. | – Multiple VRRP group per interface/SVI/routed int. | Load-balancing oriented- Weighted algorithm.- Host-dependent algorithm.– Round-Robin algorithm (default). | |
| Requires appropriate distribution of Virtual GW IP per Clients for optimal load-balancing.(generally through DHCP) | Requires appropriate distribution of Virtual GW IP per Clients for optimal load-balancing.(generally through DHCP) | Clients are transparently updated with virtual MAC according to load-balancing algorithm through ARP requesting a unique virtual gateway. | ||
Configuration Example on Cisco Router:
- HSRP Configuration
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0
standby version {1 | 2}
standby 1 ip 10.0.1.1
standby 1 timers <hello> <dead>
standby 1 priority <priority>
standby 1 preempt
standby 1 authentication md5 key-string <password>
standby 1 track <interface> <value>
standby 1 track <object> decrement <value>
ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0
standby version {1 | 2}
standby 1 ip 10.0.1.1
standby 1 timers <hello> <dead>
standby 1 priority <priority>
standby 1 preempt
standby 1 authentication md5 key-string <password>
standby 1 track <interface> <value>
standby 1 track <object> decrement <value>
- VRRP Configuration
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0
vrrp 1 ip 10.0.1.1
vrrp 1 timers {advertise <hello> | learn}
vrrp 1 priority <priority>
vrrp 1 preempt
vrrp 1 authentication md5 key-string <password>
vrrp 1 track <object> decrement <value>
ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0
vrrp 1 ip 10.0.1.1
vrrp 1 timers {advertise <hello> | learn}
vrrp 1 priority <priority>
vrrp 1 preempt
vrrp 1 authentication md5 key-string <password>
vrrp 1 track <object> decrement <value>
- GLBP Configuration
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0
glbp 1 ip 10.0.1.1
glbp 1 timers <hello> <dead>
glbp 1 timers redirect <redirect> <time-out>
glbp 1 priority <priority>
glbp 1 preempt
glbp 1 forwarder preempt
glbp 1 authentication md5 key-string <password>
glbp 1 load-balancing <method>
glbp 1 weighting <weight> lower <lower> upper <upper>
glbp 1 weighting track <object> decrement <value>
ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0
glbp 1 ip 10.0.1.1
glbp 1 timers <hello> <dead>
glbp 1 timers redirect <redirect> <time-out>
glbp 1 priority <priority>
glbp 1 preempt
glbp 1 forwarder preempt
glbp 1 authentication md5 key-string <password>
glbp 1 load-balancing <method>
glbp 1 weighting <weight> lower <lower> upper <upper>
glbp 1 weighting track <object> decrement <value>
