Core idea of xWDM technology: frequency duplex. A multiplexer combines all different colors (with different wavelength/frequency) and then data will be transmitted over one fiber using different wavelengths together. On the receive end, demultiplexer will separate them into different colors. This helps to improve the capacity using single fiber.
Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM):
- Up to 16 CWDM wavelength over one pair of fiber
- CWDM channel spacing 20 nm, 1720 nm to 1610 nm
- Distances up to 120 km
- Cost-effective WDM solution, mainly used in access, metro network.
DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing):
- Up to 96 DWDM wavelength over one pair of fiber
- DWDM channel spacing 0.8 nm (100 GHz grid) or 0.4 nm (50 GHz grid)
- Distances over 1,000 km can be achieved with the use of optical amplifier
- Expensive, mainly used in core network
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